Political Disputes In Early Nineteenth Century Essay

The North and South in the nineteenth century were different in lifestyle and morale as well as economy. The north had a booming industrial economy while in the South, cotton was king. Because of this, congress was continuously addressing controversial matters and providing answers that did not satisfy either one side or both. The early 1800s were full of the North and the South making many attempts at reconciliation that just fell short. Among those were the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and the Great Compromise of 1850. Other tempestuous attempts led to the Tariff/Nullification Controversy, anti slavery debates in congress, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Whether it was one side or the other, there was always someone to oppose – and in some cases, defy – the laws put in place, which eventually led to the succession of the southern states and the Civil War. The issue of slavery became an even greater concern when the Louisiana Purchase territories were to enter the Union a s states. The question was, would new territories enter the Union as slave or free states? The South wanted a balance of power. They knew that if the North were to have more free states, then slavery in the south could be facing extinction through congress. In an attempt to conciliate with the South, the North agreed upon the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Through this, slavery was banned above the 36 degrees 30 minute line and Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine a free state. For a while, it retained the balance of power. However, tempers in the south rose again later in the 1820s over high tariffs. The tariffs benefitted the north but threatened southern cotton exports. In 1828, the tariff was around 50%. President Jackson modified it to around 33% in 1832 only to have South Carolina nullify it in the state. It raised the question of whether or not the federal government could legally impose protective tariffs and whether it was constitutional for a state to nullify a federal law. â€Å"South Carolina†¦by a course of legislation†¦can defeat the execution of certain laws of the United States†¦.it is utterly impracticable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Document A] Henry Clay believed it impractical for South Carolina to oppose the federal law and also believed that South Carolina had no intention of leaving the Union, which depicts just how blind people were to just how great the rift really was. In 1833, the Compromise Tariff was put into place and would reduce rates to 20% by 1842. At this time, most people considered compromise to still be possible. As time goes on, slavery becomes as much of a moral  issue as a political one. The American Anti-Slavery Society believed that the practice of slavery was against God’s teaching and that those who kept slaves were man stealers. [Document B] Slaves should be set free and slaveholders shouldn’t be compensated a dime. â€Å"†¦we concede the Congress†¦has no right to interfere with any of th e slave states†¦But we maintain that Congress has a right†¦to suppress the domestic slave trade†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [Document B] As abolitionists started to make an even greater fuss over slavery, congress was backed into a corner. To release the slaves and prevent slavery in the new territories would incite the wrath of the South, however to allow more slave states to enter the Union would anger the abolitionists. Eventually, the gag rule was put into place. â€Å"All petitions, memorials, [etc.]†¦to the subject of slavery or the abolition of slavery, shall†¦be laid on the table and that no further action whatever shall be had thereon.† [Document C] However, each time a territory wanted to become a state, whether slavery would be permitted or not was a forefront issue – starting with the lands gained from the Mexican War. The Compromise of 1850 was put into place here. California was admitted as a free state and New Mexico and Utah entered under popular sovereignty (the citizens would decide whether they wanted slavery or not.) From this compromise also came a stronger Fugitive Slave L aw (all escaped slaves were to be turned in and returned.) Northerners blatantly ignored this federal law which angered the Southerners, for when they had tried not to comply to a federal law, they had been punished. [Document D] The Southerners felt wronged, and rightly so. Compromise seemed less and less possible. In 1854, there were questions on whether there should be slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska territories, even though it was prohibited by the Missouri Compromise. The South was unhappy about this however because the shaky balance of power would then decisively shift to the North. The South needed more slave states. Because of this, the Missouri Compromise was then repealed. Popular sovereignty was then ruled in the territories. At the sound of that, abolitionists and pro-slavery citizens began to rush Kansas in spades. Fighting broke out so horrifically it was given the name Bleeding Kansas. During this, a new political party arose: the Free-Soilers. They were against slavery and fought state constitutions such as the Lecompton Constitution. After this, slavery issues began to spin out of control. Things like the Dred Scott Decision and John  Brown’s Raid and other slave revolts kept slavery at the forefront of everyone’s minds. The Free-Soilers then turned into the Republicans who firmly believed in the end slavery. Compromise was now nearly impossible. The possibility of compromise was then nailed shut when a Republican, Abraham Lincoln, won the election of 1860. North Carolina then seceded from the Union and other southern states soon followed suit. It’s possible that if the South had only picked one candidate, they could have won the election. [Document H] But because they hadn’t, the South then felt threatened. And because they felt threatened, they seceded. The reasons and events stated led to the eventual conclusion of the impossibility of compromise by 1860.

20 Sociology Essay Topics How to Write about Drug Use and Its Consequences

20 Sociology Essay Topics How to Write about Drug Use and Its Consequences If you are looking for a topic on which to write your drug abuse essay and the consequences of drugs, then review the topics below: The Size of Substance Misuse and Limitations on Data for Substance Abuse. Different Trends Relating to Drug Use and How It Has Changed Over Time. History of Psychoactive Substances in the Country of Your Choosing. Reasons Why Individuals Use Drugs. Different Categories of Drugs. Government Drug Misuse Strategy and Legislation. Attitudes and Values toward Drug Use. Key Areas of Response to Drug Use. Signs and Symptoms of Misuse. Popular Drug Use Paraphernalia. Range of Services Available for Drug Misuse and Organizations Available for Help. Issues Associated with Alcohol Misuse. Different Drinking Habits and the Effects of Alcohol Consumption. Myths about Drug and Alcohol Use and Ways to Respond to Alcohol Abuse. What Communities Can Do to Help Fight Substance Abuse. Why Community Responses Are Necessary and What Barriers Exist for Community Based Action Plans. Personality as a Factor in Drug Abuse. Importance of Knowing First Aid in Helping People Fighting Drug Misuse. Barriers in Effective Communication with Young People. The Screening Process for Drug Use and Its Effectiveness. Sample Expository Essay on the Personality as a Factor in Drug Use An article published in PsychologyToday.com in 2009 stresses personality as a powerful factor that helps answer why some are prone to abusing drugs and becoming addicted while others aren’t. According to the author, an addictive personality trait, owned by about 10-15% of people, makes them prone to becoming addicts. However, according to an article published four years earlier in MedicalNewsToday.com, among people with similar personality traits some are known to develop an addiction while others aren’t quite as prone. The article accounts for this phenomenon by claiming that favourable environmental and cultural conditions can help offset addictive personality traits. There is a complex interplay of societal, community, peer, family and individual factors accounting for negative behaviour such as substance abuse, according to the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (2000). Globally, it has been observed that a member of a family with a history of drug abuse and dependence is more prone to drug abuse. This finding is corroborated in many studies, such as Wu et al. (1996), Wester-meyer and Neider (1994) and Madianos et al. (1995). In other studies, Jauhar and Watson (1995), and Curran et al have found the same pattern to occur with respect to alcohol abuse and dependence. Bierut, Dinwiddie, and Regleiter (1998) have established the significant influence of genetics in alcohol dependence, while Tsuang et al. (1996) have established the same causal link between genes and drug dependence. Thus, family environment is instrumental, both in promoting drug abuse and dependence and in providing protection from it. In this section, a few of these factors have been reviewed. The limitations concomitant with the chosen research design render a large number of these findings as purely correlative rather than causal. Below are several factors associated with family environment. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood: despite its design limitations, relating either to use of clinical samples or retrospective designs, research suggests that childhood abuse appears as a risk factor with regard to substance abuse. Thus, risk of alcohol abuse in adulthood is enhanced in women subjected to physical or sexual abuse in childhood, as delineated in studies done by Langeland and Hartgers (1998) and Rice et al. (2001). Curiously, with regard to males research points to contradictory evidence; perusal of studies done by Galaif et al. (2001) and Langeland and Hartgers (1998) shows this contrast. Jarvis, Copeland and Walton (1998) go a step further, establishing direct correlation between adolescent drug abuse among women and childhood sexual abuse, accompanied by the extrapolation that such drug use could be in the form of self-medication aimed at reducing emotional pain induced via childhood abuse. Family practices and attitudes relating to substance abuse:   Lane et al (2001) stressed the importance of peer influences leading to substance use among youth; however, one cannot neglect the significance of family practices and attitudes. The predominance of parental influence over that of peers is especially true in Hispanic/Latino youth, as established by Coombs, Paulson, and Richardson (1991). The frequency of youth substance use is greatly influenced by use of substances by family members and family members’ attitude with regard to it. For instance, Lane et al (2001) have referred to a household survey on substance use done in 1997 that revealed the lowest incidence of substance use among youth in the age group of 12-17 years. Said youth were said to perceive their parents as being very upset with binge drinking, cigarettes and marijuana. Swaim, Nemeth, and Oetting (1995) have highlighted a similar reduction in alcohol use among girls in Hungary, owing to strong family sanctions against such substance abuse. Boyle et al. (2001) have established that drug use by an older sibling is a greater influence than parental drug use in leading to youth substance abuse. Problematic relations with family members and partners:  the risk of substance abuse has been found to increase in direct proportion to problematic relations with family members and partners. Lane et al (2001) have brought attention to the fact that youth who had several weekly arguments with their parents showed a greater tendency to have used marijuana during the previous year than others who had one argument a week or month, as revealed by a national household survey done. Studies have established that the direct correlation between problematic relations with family members and drug abuse by adolescents manifests internationally. Women in Zagreb were more prone to alcoholism due to problematic relations with family members and partners. Other studies have shown how more than 75 of 100 Scottish males admitted for alcohol abuse blamed failed marriages and family neglect on their alcoholism. References: Barlow, K. (2000).  Substance misuse: A rationale for compulsion. Bourgois, P. (2008). The Mystery of Marijuana: Science and the U.S. War on Drugs.  Substance Use Misuse,  43(3), 581-583. doi: 10.1080/10826080701884853 Bretteville-Jensen, A. (2006). To Legalize or Not To Legalize? Economic Approaches to the Decriminalization of Drugs.  Substance Use Misuse,  41(4), 555-565. doi: 10.1080/10826080500521565 Cozic, C. P. (1998).  Illegal drugs. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Gorta, A. (2009). Illegal drug use by police officers: Using research and investigations to inform prevention strategies.  International Journal of Police Science and Management,  11(1), 85-96. doi: 10.1350/ijps.2009.11.1.112 Grossman, M., Chaloupka, F. J., Shim, K. (2002). Illegal Drug Use And Public Policy.  Health Affairs,  21(2), 134-145. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.134 Harrison, L. (1993).  Substance misuse: Designing social work training. London: Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work. Miller, K., Hoffman, J., Barnes, G., Sabo, D., Melnick, M., Farrell, M. (2005). Adolescent Anabolic Steroid Use, Gender, Physical Activity, and Other Problem Behaviors*.  Substance Use Misuse,  40(11), 1637-1657. doi: 10.1080/10826080500222727 Trathen, B. (2003).  Guidelines for the best practice treatment of substance misuse. [England?]: B. Trathen. White, H. R., Tice, P. C., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2002). Illegal Acts Committed by Adolescents Under the Influence of Alcohol and Drugs.  Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,  39(2), 131-152. doi: 10.1177/002242780203900201

Federalists and Anti Federalists essays

Federalists and Anti Federalists essays Soon after the end of the Revolutionary War if not before it became clear that the Articles of Confederation were not a workable arrangement. Wartime contingency measures might have papered over the most immediate problems, but with the coming of peace something more regular was needed. The defects of the Articles produced a host of disputes among states, which could not be resolved under its terms, and which times were serious enough to lead to militia skirmishing. More broadly, a fundamental issue had been left unresolved: Was the "United States" a nation in its own right, or a mere confederation of semi- autonomous states' This was not just an abstract question a great many group and individual interests were wrapped up in it. By and large, commercial interests were interested in a strong national government, creating an internal free-trade zone and consistent legal rules concerning trade. Other wealthy interests, however, had mainly local influence large landowners, for example, who in this era might still expect a quasi- feudal deference from tenants and neighbors. Their local standing would be diminished in a more unified national political structure. However, even these interests conceded that the original Articles were unworkable, while on the other hand many proponents of a stronger central government still had anxieties that it might become authoritarian, in 18th century language The Constitutional Convention was initially convened merely to patch up the Articles of Confederation, but it was dominated by proponents of stronger central government. Instead of modifying the Articles it threw them out entirely. Both Federalists and Anti-Federalists thereupon engaged in a propaganda battle. The Federalists won this in a mismatch: the Federalist has gone down as a political classic, while the Anti-Federalist writings have all but vanished f...

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrandâ€Discussion Questions

'Unbroken' by Laura Hillenbrand- Discussion Questions   Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand is the true story of Louis Zamparini, who was an Olympic runner that survived for more than a month on a raft in the Pacific Ocean after crashing his plane during World War II. He was then taken as a Prisoner of War by the Japanese. Hillenbrand tells his story in parts, and these book club questions are also divided by parts of the book so that groups or individuals can discuss the story over time or focus on the areas they want to discuss more deeply. Spoiler Warning: These questions contain details about the end of Unbroken. Finish each section before reading the questions for that part. Part I Were you interested in Part I, which was mostly about Louis childhood and running career?How do you think his childhood and Olympic training helped him survive what would come later? Part II Were you surprised by how many servicemen died in flight training or in planes that went down outside of combat?Superman received 594 holes in the battle over Nauru. What did you think of the descriptions of this air battle? Were you surprised by their ability to survive despite being hit so many times?Did you learn anything new about the Pacific theater during World War II through this part of the book? Part III How do you think Louie survived the crash?What were details of the mens survival on the raft most interesting to you? How they found and saved water or food? The ways they kept up their mental acuity? The lack of provisions in the life raft?What role did emotional and mental state play in Phil and Louies survival? How did they keep their minds sharp? Why was this important?Were you surprised by how ferocious the sharks  were?Louie had several religious experiences on the raft that led to a new belief in God: surviving the gunning by the Japanese bomber, the tranquil day at sea, the provision of rainwater and seeing singing in the clouds. What do you make of these experiences? How were they important to his life story? Part IV Were you aware of how severely the Japanese treated Prisoners of War during World War II? Were you surprised to learn how much worse it was for men captured in the Pacific war than for those captured by Nazis?When Louie is interviewed just after his release, he says If I knew I had to go through those experiences again, Id kill myself (321). As they were going through it, how do you think Louie and Phil survived the starvation and brutality they faced as prisoners?What were the ways the Japanese tried to break the mens spirits? Why does the author focus on how this was worse in many ways than the physical cruelty? What do you think was the hardest thing the men had to endure?Later in the narrative, we learn that the Bird and many of the other soldiers were pardoned? What do you think of this decision?How do you think the men escaped the Kill All order?Why do you think Louies family never gave up hope that he was alive? Part V Epilogue In many ways, Louies unraveling is not surprising considering all he endured. After attending the Billy Graham crusade, however, he never experienced another vision of the Bird, he saved his marriage and he was able to move on with his life. Why do you think this is? What roles did forgiveness and gratitude play in his ability to move on? How did he see God at work throughout his whole experience despite the unimaginable suffering he experienced?From the moment of their rescue through the present day publishing of this book and the movie adaptation, Louie Zamparini has received significant media attention whereas Allen Phillips was treated as a trivial footnote in what was celebrated as Louies story (385). Why do you think that was?Louie continued to have adventures well into old age? What parts of his post-war story were most notable to you?Rate Unbroken on a scale of 1 to 5. Details of the book: Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand was published in November 2010.Publisher: Random House496 PagesThe movie adaptation of Unbroken was released in December 2014.

Abstract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Abstract - Essay Example The authors note Lukas and others as the basis of their experimentation. Lukas and others studied the criticality of this problem, and came up with results that sought to be confirmed through numerous experiments conducted by the aforementioned three authors of this article. To enhance the outcome of the study, different camera sets were employed, and authors of previous related works were not contacted. The verification process set off by carrying an overview of a digital camera and the images captured using them. The imaging pipeline is analyzed, with all roles performed by the lens, filters and the sensor being presented. The outcome of this process is influenced by the camera or scanner’s manufacturer, as well as pixel values attributed to the camera. Color filtering is then introduced. Array patterns and color spaces that complement the imaging pipeline is highlighted. Sensor noise is another overview variable of the digital camera. A number of noise types are outlined, i ncluding shot noise, pattern noise and readout noise. Emphasis is given to pattern noise, which is used in the source-camera identification probe. Approaches that are correlation-based are not ignored in the underlying pursuit. Comparisons of original and denoised images are used to estimate the pattern noise frequencies, especially the frequencies that are high in that regard. Classifier training and the detection scheme are the employed approaches under the correlation-based aspect of source-camera identification. Choosing the source camera is an essential action towards assessing experimental results. Reference patterns are used, and matched with high correlation to identify the source camera. Experimental thresholds can also be used, where the source camera chosen should exhibit a higher than threshold correlation value. Figures of images, cameras and scanners are used as physical frameworks of the study. The experimental results provide a

Art black market (Iraq war missing art work) Term Paper

Art black market (Iraq war missing art work) - Term Paper Example however, this was later found. There was also an Assyrian headboard in the 900 BC which was specifically ivory headboard and was later recovered by the Jordanian officials in the custom department when it was stolen from the museum into the black market. The existence of the art work of in the museum of Iraq lead into more loses. Some additional missing artwork in Iraq was Bassetki statue. This statue was for a sitting nude male figure created in the period of 2300 BC.1 This sculpture was an artistic work which could be used by the Iranians to enhance the skills of art work. It was majorly suspected by the officials that these artifacts were taken out by foreigners who came into Iraq. Another lost art work in the museum was Sacred Vase of Warka. It existed from 3200 BC. The lost art work was very significant in the prehistoric artistic nature of the Iraq. Investigations by both Iraq and US investigators ensured that they brought back the lost art work in the Museum.2 With respect to the events, it facilitated siphoning of the art works outside Iraq. There are several art works that are still missing to date in the black market. One of the most prominent art works was Lagash statue, a headless limestone inscribed statue of Fanatum in the years dating to 2450 BC. The war facilitated stealing of many artistic works in nature because of the confusion during the time hence there was search for these items later after the war as hatched by the Iraq government. In 800 BC, there was also Nimrud lioness made up of ivory that was taken away from the museum.3 This was one of the pre historical art works in Iraq that had been taken away during the war by the soldiers and other foreigners. In the Babylonian empires, there were cuneiform bricks which were the nine royal bricks for inscription that originated from Sumerian. The bricks were beautifully made and they reflected the most artistic work of the Iraq. They were stolen during the war but later they

Dq-7.1-Terence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dq-7.1-Terence - Coursework Example (1)What are the advantages? The new approach that many software developers are adapting today that entails parallel working among programmers has many advantages. Programmers that work in parallel when developing software can easily compare the algorithms they have concern the developments they are making. Making comparisons is important since it enables the programmers develop a system that is too fine enough to avoid minor breakdowns (Dingsà ¸yr, Nerur, & Moe, 2012). In the same way, this working model enables system developers to benefit from their colleagues in different ways. For example, one system developer can take advantage of his or her counterpart’s expertise. In this case, the less experienced worker is going to acquire tips and important knowledge from the colleague assigned to him/her. When programmers get to work in parallel, they save a lot of time for the organization they are serving. Instead of spending a lot of time working separately then combining their pieces of work later on, the programmers can just work together at the same time. The clients being served here are assured of being served instantly in some cases. Management of the software development program is also made easier by the approach of having parallel software developers. In this case, the supervisors of the projects are not compelled to supervise all the programmers’ work one after the other. The management of the project is always concerned about the quality of software that has been developed by the programming activity. There is little time that is spent on management of this activity when the process is done using the parallel approach (Ajimatanrareje, Shaw, & Pucci, 2014). The new approach of parallel working among software developers is important to any organization that is concerned about the software used I its operations. However, this approach may also have negative effects with the management is